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February 27, 2007

Religious Shopping Tour

British writer Roland Howard went on a tour to meet people demonstrating the variety of religious experience in Britain at the end of the 20th century. Shopping for God, A Sceptics Search for Value in the Spiritual Marketplace is a travel narrative - he went, he saw, he listened, he wrote. In the telling of the story, he provides background, he discusses a few questions, he suggests he had an interesting inner monologue running during the journey. I haven't found much information about him on the Web, but Amazon lists a couple of other books about religion.

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February 14, 2007

Bliss Chronicles

The cover art on Don Lattin's Following our Bliss is a Volkwagen Bus painted in the psychedelic style associated with the hippie movement, which goes with the subtitle "How the Spiritual Ideas of the Sixties Shape our Lives Today". Lattin has been writing about religion or spirituality for the San Francisco Chronicle and an assortment of electronic media for a couple of decades, which gives him a wealth of material.

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November 4, 2005

Alien Abduction

Beam Me Up Godly Being, by Karen Olsson, in Slate, covers or reviews a book by psychologist Susan Clancy, Abducted: How People Come To Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens. The article contains this passage:

In a chapter of The Varieties of Religious Experience called "The Reality of the Unseen," William James attested to the existence of a "sense of reality" distinct from the other senses, in which "the person affected will feel a 'presence' in the room, definitely localized, facing in one particular way, real in the most emphatic sense of the word, often coming suddenly, and as suddenly gone; and yet neither seen, heard, touched, nor cognized in any of the usual 'sensible' ways." As evidence, James produces several firsthand accounts from people who were visited by "presences" late at night. These have a familiar ring: They sound just like stories from alien abductees, minus the aliens. Objects of belief, James says, may be "quasi-sensible realities directly apprehended."

... When it comes to the ambitious project of explaining the why and wherefore of "weird beliefs," Clancy's book doesn't tell us too much more than James did: People believe in this stuff because it seems real to them, more real than any reasoning about sleep paralysis or the unreliability of memories produced during hypnosis.

... People's imagined contacts with aliens, she speculates, arise from "ordinary emotional needs and desires. ... We want to believe there's something bigger and better than us out there. And we want to believe that whatever it is cares about us, or at least is paying attention to us. ... Being abducted by aliens is a culturally shaped manifestation of a universal human need."

Olssen disagrees with Clancy's ideas about religious impulses. She prefers to think that people who believe they have been abducted by aliens are influenced by pop culture acting on their subconscious minds. That of course raises its own question - is there a subconscious mind, or is the subconscious an arbitary label for flawed perceptions and memories and an excuse for impulsive behaviour?

I think Clancy may be right. Stories of alien abduction are one of the modern variants of stories of miraculous, magical and mystical experiences. People experience something - it may be a random neurochemical event in their brain. They interpret it in a narrative way within the limits of their language and belief systems. They stick to their story in the face of doubts and scepticism. They find, eventually, someone who supports and believes them and shares their experience. They feel special. The event takes on its own meaning. And it becomes a miracle, a vision, a channelled message, an alien abduction.

The references to William James are interesting. He is one of the founders of modern psychology and a reasonably rigorous scientist, but he was always very tolerant of spiritualism - perhaps because he could never directly challenge his father who was a prominent proponent. His early version of philosophical pragmatism and his philosophy of religion seem to have been set up to cut spiritualists some slack.

Another way of looking at it is that James was inclined to speculative thought - but people didn't like to argue with such a well connected and presentable member of New England Society.

November 2, 2005

Psychic

On Tuesday (Nov. 1) I flew back to Winnipeg from Victoria, through Edmonton and Saskatoon. I had a window seat. The middle seat was vacant. A passenger who got on in Edmonton took the aisle seat.

Last week a couple of Mormon missionaries wanted to talk to me on the street. What is it about me that suggests I am waiting to be proselytized?

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October 6, 2005

Pet Peeve

From Spiked, a book review Self Help: More than just a Sham, reviewing SHAM: How the gurus of the self-help movement make us helpless, by Nicholas Brealey. One of my pet peeves. The reviewer r mentions several fakirs including "Dr." John Gray, who wrote Men are from Mars - a charlatan right down to his phony doctorate. Like Chopra, Gray is a graduate of the Maharishi's scamming system. The Skeptic's Dictionary has a longer entry on Chopra.

July 27, 2005

New Age Link

Wikipedia has an entry on New Age, and uses "New Age" as a category container for related entries.

Wikipedia entries evolve. The main entry seems to have started in December 2001. The current version deals with the New Age, both as a social event and as a set of ideas, in an accurate and descriptive way, catching the main social, economic, ideological and psychological features of the New Age event. Some of the Wikipedia entries within the New Age category are fragmentary, and some of them tend to promote particular New Age systems. The entry on neuro-linguistic programming as presently written, tends to promote a movement that has much in common with Scientology. The entries miss a lot, which is natural. The New Age is an amorphous, fluid movement. Some of the omissions are large. The book stores and Web pages presently are pushing a lot of words about about Energy and Intention. Wikipedia presently only has a stub entry on Spiritual Energy. It has a good page on Intentionality as a branch of the philosophy of mind, but only a stub page on New Age guru of the Power of Intentions, Wayne Dyer.

The Wikipedia steps gently around issues of character and temperament. New Agers try to project an air of detachment, but they protect themselves and the sense of satisfaction they get from their beliefs, practics and associations by avoiding scrutiny and debate, and by promoting beliefs that blame and criticize their critics. The New Age has a smorgasboard (or should I say a dim sum menu) of beliefs and values to insulate New Age believers from conflicting beliefs and values. I noticed an entry on Energy Vampires. I also noticed an entry on Personal Reality - the perfect marriage of New Age beliefs with one stream of postmodern theory.

May 26, 2005

Seances, Carlos Castaneda etc

Following the links from an essay, featured at AL Daily, published in the San Franciso Journal called "Leaving the Left", I reached the web site of Keith Thompson, a writer in California. His site includes some of his freelance articles and essays including his interview of the writer and fakir Carlos Castaneda, and a magazine piece about a seance.

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May 16, 2005

Mediums get Small grant

A quick peek at the news from New Zealand - spiritualists get a civic grant to fund a counselling service.

May 12, 2005

Novel Perspectives???

Yesterday, I posted a link to The Onion's satire about fictionology. today, a perfect example of an intelligent person who chooses a value system that lets her choose fiction over fact because it helps her to feels better about herself. Check out this essay by Martha Montello, Novel Perspectives on Bioethics at the Chronicles of Higher Education. She argues that we ought to be learning our ethics from fiction, and base our moral decisions on fairy tales and science fiction.

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May 11, 2005

For a laugh

Since this is from The Onion, I guess it's satire. It's an unfortunately believable story about cults and postmodern ideas about making up the religion you want. It's called "Scientology losing Ground to New Fictionology."

April 26, 2005

Holy Comets

A Russian astrologer is suing NASA because a space mission, Deep Impact, is going to fire an explosive impactor into the Tempel-1 Comet. It's against her religion. The story from SciAm Perspectives, the Web log of the editors of Scientific American, and from MosNews an English language Russian News service.

March 5, 2005

Cleansing

There was an ad in the first section of today's Free Press (Sat. March 5/05) for herbal and fiber "cleansing" products. It talked about getting rid of toxins by 7 cleansing channels - didn't say which channels. The two channels that get the most attention in the marketplace are colon (aka bowel or large intestine) and kidney/bladder. Google "cleansing" or "cleansing toxins" and see what the engine drags from the dregs of the Web.

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March 1, 2005

Fakir on Tour

Last week the Free Press was running ads for Deepak Chopra's visit to Winnipeg among the movie ads in the entertainment section. The show is called "An Evening with Deepak Chopra", it's at the Concert Hall on April 21, and ticket prices are from $45.00 to $150.00. Chopra is a best-selling author, an inspirational speaker, and he is associated with a luxury retreat spa. This article by Guardian columnist and author Francis Wheen estimated his income at $20 million a year, including $8 million from the retreat center.

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February 18, 2005

Moses and the Nice Commandments

British broadcast journalist Jon Snow of TV4 has run a poll to have Britons vote on a modern restatement of the 10 commandments. The new list seems to run to 20 and includes try your best, be honest, be true to yourself, enjoy life, nothing in excess, live within your means, appreciate what you have, never be violent, never kill, be true to your god, enjoy life (sex, drugs, chocolate??) and protect the environment (put the toilet seat down, flush/don't flush???). Although they sound bland, it isn't a bad set of moral principles, if we knew what they all really meant. There is a marked underemphasis on worship and fidelity to belief, and some emphasis on being nice. Sweet waffles for principles.

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Healing Energy

A story from the Guardian about the practitioners of energy medicine and faith healing questions studies that claim to show this stuff works. The writer treats New Age therapies like Reiki, some forms of Asian traditional medicine, and prayer as different versions of faith healing and that's a reasonable approach. They all "work" by mysterious mechanisms.

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February 2, 2005

Cardiff Weirdos

Good for giggles. I found this link to a Travel section article in the Guardian online.

"Perhaps I just don't have a soul. But then, I'm from Cardiff where we don't have New Agers. Or, if we do, we call them by their other name: weirdos. And although I am almost too perfectly the target demographic - thirtysomething, female, single (marketing-speak for credulous, desperate and liable to spend money on any old rubbish) - I've never really got the whole spa thing. Yes, it makes your skin all shiny, but then what's a loofah for?"

November 12, 2004

Self-Help Books

Self-Help books on psychology, personal growth, and spirituality must be profitable for publishers and booksellers, because there are thousands of them. They vary in quality, and they don't come with any consumer warnings or ratings.

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July 20, 2004

Sleeping with Aliens - More

I spent a long time reading, summarizing and reviewing Sleeping with Aliens. I posted a review on the Blogcritics site, and a long commentary on this site. It isn't kind to the New Age.

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Sleeping with Aliens

Wendy Kaminer's book, Sleeping with Extra-Terrestrials, The Rise of Irrationalism and the Perils of Piety is interesting. She says that her objective is to write against irrationalism but I see her book more as an examination of how the New Age is becoming, in effect, a minority religion in America.

(On July 19, 2004 I posted a review of this book at the Blogcritics site. This post is a longer and more detailed version of the review).

Continue reading "Sleeping with Aliens" »

June 17, 2004

Snapping

The first edition of Snapping was published in 1978, which was the year of mass suicide of cultists at Jonestown, Guyana. While authors Flo Conway and Jim Siegelman did not predict such an event, their book was on the shelves at the right time.

Snapping, America’s Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change was not about cults as such, but it made Conway and Siegelman into instant cult experts. At one point, they were sued by Scientology for labeling that movement/religion as a cult. They continue to serve with anti-cult groups like the Rick Ross Institute.

The book was actually supposed to introduce and explain a theory of personality change based on communication and information storage theory. The theory is speculative, but the book is worthwhile for its careful journalism of the experiences of ex-cult members and their families and its careful exposition of the cultural factors that led to the greatly increased popularity of cults and cult-like movements in the second half of the 20th century.

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June 1, 2004

Enlightenment Bazaar

Soon after I started my blog, I wrote "Fakirs" and set up an Archive category called Fakirs for essays about New Age spirituality, New Age science and cults. I have been writing about strange beliefs, and trying to understand why people embrace them. A few weeks ago I read Wendy Kaminer's book Sleeping with Extra-Terrestrials, The Rise of Irrationalism an the Perils of Piety. She has a Chapter about the New Age called "Gurus and the Spirituality Bazaar" which addresses many of the issues I wanted to address.

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May 3, 2004

Five Stages

During a recent conversation, the question of the stages of grief came up. I wasn't sure if there were supposed to seven stages or five. The five stages of grief are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance, in the system suggested by the Swiss psychiatrist Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, in her 1969 book On Death and Dying. I read it many years ago. I remembered her effort to find a pattern of meaning in the emotions of terminally ill hospital patients. I remembered the theory sounded a bit fuzzy. The stages had been the central theme of the 1979 movie, All that Jazz, which I had seen when it was released in theaters. (The movie has attracted mixed reviews).

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April 22, 2004

Fearbusting

Rhonda Britten has found, apparently, commercial success. Her Web Page is a sophisticated advertisement of her books, personal appearances and other services and merchandise. The testimonials on her Web page indicate that she has been hired by companies and organizations as a motivational speaker. She is a writer, and a "coach". She counsels people to buy her books and to form support groups to work her system.

Her professional persona is built around a theory, called fearbusting or Fearless Living, which was the title of her breakthrough book.

There are a few biographical hints on her Web page about her having overcome personal tragedy to become an inspiring person. The implication is that her system made her what she is now - beautiful, successful, inspiring. She presents herself on her Web page autobiography as a survivor. She tells some of her own story in her first book, "Fearless Living." She witnessed her father kill her mother, and commit suicide. Her life and career went up and down for years. She was a good student and had a business career. She was an actress. She also worked as a waitress, and spent time in rehab and recovery. She doesn't say if she was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder or any other particular illness. She isn't too clear on her addictions and weaknesses. She isn't clear on what therapies she tried before she became successful.

But she has become successful. She became a personal coach, and founded a public relations firm. She wrote books. Her career has become very successful. What's the secret of successful life according to Rhonda? It's fearbusting.

In Chapter One of "Fearless Living," she tries to define fear. She starts with the view that people are incomplete, wounded, separated from the ground of their essential being and want to be whole, or better or self-actualized. She says people are this way because of "fear". She refers, loosely, to a quote from the high priest of humanistic psychology, Abraham Maslow, to the effect that people are afraid to face the fact that they are not whole. Maslow tends to get quoted more by Alternative therapists and coaches than by mainstream psychologists, but I'm going to leave him for another day.

Britten doesn't have a lot more to say about her theory, and she never gets around to a real definition of fear. Fear seems to be whatever you can identify as making you feel bad.

The rest of her books are about working her system. She starts by saying that you have to work the system in secrecy, without telling your family and friends what you are doing. Her first rule is don't tell anyone. Her explanation is that until you have identified the people who are holding you back, and know how to defeat them, you are at risk of having them undermine her system before it can work for you. This sounds more controlling than empowering, and it's pretty typical of the therapy techniques of coaches and alternative therapists.

She teaches exercises to help people identify their fears and the people who inspire fear. The exercises seem to be pretty loaded. Everything comes out the same way. Everybody has the same problem - fear, and fear is whatever you can identify as causing a bad feeling. Fearless living is a slogan, not a therapy system.

We get to the heart of the matter in Chapters 4 and 5 of "Fearless Living," which are titled Fear Junkies and Fearbusting. These chapters start with the basic observation that you can only change yourself, and that you can't be responsible for someone else's feelings. She discusses being aware of your reaction to negative content of interactions with others, and taking responsibility for directing the interactions in a positive way. Within the wisdom of addictions counselling theory, co-dependency theory, and 12 step recovery programs, you accept that you are powerless over another person's addiction, and that you may have to disengage from life with an addicted person who is harming you.

Britten twists this into something new - disengage from people who inspire fear in you. By itself, that makes sense. You avoid dangerous and risky people and situations. The question is, what is it that makes you afraid?

In her system, anyone who makes you feel bad is a fearsome person. So in her system, if people around make you feel bad, dump them. This is partly an adaptation of the techniques of business networking where you cultivate useful friends and dump losers. It is partly a feel-good psychology of surrounding yourself with people who build you up and make you happy.

It is mainly very controlling. She counsels people to bust fear by blaming others, and making themselves impervious. You protect yourself by controlling your relationships. There is very little about taking responsibility for yourself. She empowers people to feel good about blaming others for their fear.

This system should appeal to people who see themselves as being held back by being afraid to assert themselves, and I think it might help shy people to overcome their shyness and to present themselves better. However, a system that works by blaming the people who make you feel bad is a system to help narcissists feel good about blaming other people for their feelings.

There's not much more to her system. She must have a powerful presence as a speaker and great skills as a publicist to sell it.

I would suspect that her coaching is aggressive and that she tells clients to make changes. Then she praises them for the changes they are making. Coach and client both go away happy with their work. Meanwhile the client's family, co-workers, friends, spouses and lovers must be wondering where the hell that emotional train that just hit them came from.

Self-help books should come with a consumer warning, but perhaps people addicted to tuning up their feelings would be oblivious to any warning.

She's not a therapist or a healer. She hasn't had any great insight. She's reworked some very basic psychology into her own oddball narcissists' cult. She's a coaching, marketing, selling machine. She's a fakir.

April 12, 2004

Pining for the Fjords

He's not dead, he's pining for the Fjords.

Rupert Sheldrake was a reputable plant scientist. He enjoyed a good reputation in his field, and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals until 1978, and published articles in Nature in 1973 and 1974. He has links to his published papers on his web site. According to his own Web site, he went to India and worked his academic field from 1974 to 1978. After that he studied in an ashram, and then began to publish more spiritually oriented writings.

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April 9, 2004

Fakirs

When I was six, my parents gave me three books by Rudyard Kipling. There was The Jungle Book, and a book called Stalky and Company which was a fictionalized account of Kipling's teen years in an English "public school" which was actually a private boarding school. My mother had been the Akela in a Cub Scout pack in Holland and she was encouraging me to join a local Cub pack. The Cubs and the scouting movement in England and Canada used the Jungle Book as their organizational metaphor. (Mowgli was raised by wolves in the Jungle Book, and Cub Scouts are wolf cubs).

The third and best one was Kim, the story of an Anglo-Irish orphan abandoned in Northern India, who lives on the street and becomes recruited into the Great Game of military and political spying, while also finding his own integrity in acting as a helper, disciple and friend to an elderly Tibetan Buddhist monk on a pilgrimage in India to seek the River that sprang forth where the Buddha's arrow fell. Kim is a rich, complex and enjoyable novel by an undervalued writer, and I have re-read it several times.

In the book, we find several encounters with fakirs. Fakir has a rich sound to an English-speaking listener. It sounds like faker, and it sounds like an obscenity. In the Oxford World Classic Edition of Kim it is spelled faquir and explained in a footnote referring to a religious mendicant, properly a Muslim but including other ascetics, such as Hindu Saddhus. Kipling and his character Kim see a clear distinction between true holy men, like Kim's Lama, and a variety of yogis (holy men) and pundits (learned men) and other self-serving and corrupted religious characters that they encounter.

Dictionary definitions of fakir inform us that it has an Arabic root, in the word for poverty, and that it refers to the voluntary practice of poverty within the Sufi tradition. It goes back to the early middle ages and corresponds to the radical poverty of St. Francis and his followers in European Christianity. The religious traditions of voluntary poverty inform and inspire socialism, the Christian social gospel, and modern liberation theology. It also seems to inform the creation of communes and alternative communities and movements for voluntary simplicity in modern living, such as Duane Elgin's Voluntary Simplicity books and teachings.

The Skeptic's Dictionary brings us closer to Kipling's observations:

The term is also used, however, to refer to itinerant Indian conjurers and alleged god-men who travel from village to village and perform "miracles" such as materializing vibhuti (holy ash) or jewelry. They do other conjuring stunts such as walking on hot coals, laying on a bed of nails, eating fire, sticking their hands in boiling 'oil', piercing their faces with long needles, putting large hooks through the flesh of their backs attached to heavy objects which they pull. Some conjurers are even said to levitate or to have performed the famous Indian rope trick.

I think there are many fakirs in our time and place. I include many inspirational/motivational speakers and writers, personal coaches, self proclaimed counsellors, therapists, and healers, teachers of personal growth, leaders of cults and vendors of enlightenment.

It has been said that modern writers and thinkers see farther because we stand on the shoulders of giants. I don't mean to imply that the evolution of ideas and culture is progressive or that we are being taken anywhere on the wave of history. I think modern writers and thinkers are able to work with the wisdom of the past in their own work. This gives them a new vantage point, and of course it gives them the opportunity to appropriate terms and ideas from the great traditions.

I believe that modern fakirs have been able to strip mine the religious, spiritual, philosophical and scientific traditions of many cultures to manufacture a variety of pleasing psycho-spiritual stories. Some of the fakirs are true pilgrims, devoted to finding God or enlightenment. However many of them are selling junk, for their own financial gain or to gratify their inner child's need to be the center of attention.

I see a powerful and healthy tension in the word. I would like to use it as a critical tool, rather than as an insult, but I don't plan to walk on eggshells.